Bilbo :: essays research papers

Magic in the Making The main character of the book is Mr. Bilbo Baggins. He is the hobbit who led the dwarves to the Lonely Mountain to reclaim their treasure from the dragon named Smaug. Bilbo is middle aged and resides in a clean, warm burrow dug into the side of a hill. In the beginning of the story Bilbo is a very weak character. He is easily frightened, and very shy. One of his strengths though, is that he is of the mythical race called hobbits. Hobbits are known for their skills in thievery and spying. There are several main characteristics of hobbits that separate them from normal humans. One, hobbits are very small. They only grow to reach the height of about three feet if they are lucky. Secondly, they have large feet that are covered at the tops by thick hair. This hair is used to keep the hobbit’s feet warm because they do not wear boots. Another characteristic of hobbits is that they normally don’t wish for any excitement or adventure. They thrive on repetition and dull activities such as gardening. Hobbits also love to eat. Bilbo’s favorite foods are: cake, bacon, sausage, eggs, wine, bread and any other fattening things that can be thought of. Some other important characters are as follows: Gandalf, he is the wizard that accompanies Bilbo and the dwarves on their quest; Thorin Oakenshield is son of the king of the dwarves who were driven from the Lonely Mountain. Smaug is the dragon of the Lonely Mountain who hoards the treasure he stole. Gollum is a slimy creature that was born a Hobbit but had the ring too long; this is the character that Bilbo steals the ring from. Bard is the archer that kills Smaug. Bilbo is the main character of the story and also the narrator. The main conflict of the story line is Bilbo versus himself. Bilbo has to overcome his fears of dragons and other creatures in order to carry out his part of the mission. Another conflict is the whole party vs. Smaug. The party of dwarves along with Bilbo and Gandalf, have to be able to destroy the dragon in order to claim their so deserved treasure. Bilbo completes this task by finding the dragon’s weak spot and relaying the location to an archer in Lake Town. Both of these conflicts are won by the end of the story.

Marketing Mix AB Bank Limited

Compensation System of an industrial enterprise in Bangladesh: A case study of AB Bank Limited. 1. Historical Background of AB Bank AB Bank Limited, the first private sector bank under joint venture with Dubai Bank Limited. UAE incorporated in Bangladesh on 31st December 1981 & started its operation with effect from April 12, 1982.Dubai Bank Limited (name subsequently changed to Union Bank of the Middle east Limited) decided to off-load their investment in AB Bank Limited with a view to concentrate their activities in the UAE in early part of 1987 & in teams of Articles 23 A & 23B of the Articles of association of the company & with the necessary approval of the relevant authorities, the shares held by them in the Bank were sold & transferred to Group â€Å"A† Shareholders, i. e.Bangladesh Sponsor Shareholders. As of December 31, 2006; the authorized capital & the equity (paid up capital & reserve) of the bank are BDT 2000 million & BDT 2582. 76 million respectively. The spons or-shareholder holds 50% of the share capital; the General Public Shareholders hold 49. 43% & the rest 0. 57% shares are held by the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. However, on individual sponsor shareholder of more then 10% of its total shares.Since beginning, the bank acquired confidence & trust of the public & business houses by rendering high quality services in different areas of banking operations, professional competence & employment of state of art technology. During the last 27 years, AB Bank Limited has opened 73 Branches in different Business centers of the country, one foreign Branch in Mumbai, India, two Representatives Officer in London & Yangon, Myanmar respectively & also established a wholly owned subsidiary finance. Company in Hong Kong in the name of AB Bank International Finance Limited.To facilitate cross border trade & payment related services, the Bank has correspondent relationship with over 220 international banks of repute across 58 count ries of world. 1. 2 Corporate Slogan Of AB Bank Ltd. : First Of Many Firsts 1. 3Vision: â€Å"To be the trendsetter for innovative banking with excellence & perfection† 1. 4 Mission: â€Å"To be the best performing bank in the country† 1. 5 Change Of Name: Arab Bangladesh Bank Limited changed its name to AB Bank Limited(ABBL) with effect from 14 November 2007 vide Bangladesh Bank BRPD circular letter no. 10 dated 22 November 2007. Prior to that shareholders of the bank approved the change of name in the Extra-Ordinary General Meeting held on 4 September 2007. 1. 6 Birth Of the Logo The coat of arms of the new logo is inspired by traditional â€Å"Shital pati † or â€Å"Sleeping mat†. The knit and the pattern of interlace in the new logo that echoes the intricate weave of Shital pati symbolizes bonding. This bonding reflects the new spirit of AB Bank. 1. 7 Product and Service of AB Bank The product and services of AB Bank are exposing the table Product |Se rvices | |Retail Banking |Locker Service | |Corporate Banking |Internet Banking | |SME Banking |SMS Banking | |Deposits Rate |New Cheque Book | |Money Transfer |Lost ChequeBook | |Islami Banking |Lost Credit/Debit Card | |AB Securities Limited |Fund Transfer | |Cards |Account Opening | |SME Banking |Address Change | |Loan Syndication |Signature Change | |NRB Banking |Account Closing | |Project Finance | | 1. 8 Organ Gram Of AB Bank Limited 1. 9 Corporate Information at a Glance Name Of the Bank:AB Bank Of Bangladesh Limited Status:Public Limited Company Date Of Incorporation:31 december 1981 Inauguration of the Jubilee Road Branch: 26th July , 1994. Head Office, BCIC Bhaban, 30-31, Dilkusha Commercial Area, Dhaka Registration No: C281461 (1992)/95 Chairman: Mr. M. Wahidul Haque Vice chairman: Salim AhmedPresident & Managing Director: Fazlur Rahman Authorized Capital: TK. 800 Million Director:11 Number Of Employees:3342 1. 10 Salary Structure of AB Bank Bangladesh Limited The salary structure of AB Bank mention to the stage of employee. Now describe the compensation of AB Bank bangladesh limited: Basic Pay: Basic pay is the root compensation which paid to the employee in depends on job responsibilities. House Allowance: AB Bank provides 40 to 50 percent house allowance and it depends on the level of employees position. Medical Allowance: AB Bank provide medical allowance for every employees. Lunch: AB Bank Provide the Lunch for employees 20 to 35 minute.Education: AB Bank provide education for employees childrens who are bright result in school collage and University. Training Hours: AB Bank are houner training hours. Utility Allowance: AB Bank are provide the utility allowance for an employees. pay for time not at work of AB Bank Sick Lecve: when an employee fall in sick for that reason an employee does not work that time AB Bank are granted the leave without panishment. Holidays: holidays are included his salary for that reason an employee get 100% salary. Ca sual Leave: An employee can take a casual leave 8 days in a year but not hampered in his salary. Emergency Leave: AB Bank are pay the salary when anybody die in employees family.Earn Leave: When an employees performance is very well that time bank authority are given reword by the leave that time AB Bank are paid the full salary. Other Leave: The AB Bank are declear different kinds of leave that time pay the full salary. Maternity Leave: it only for pregnent women are take a leave that time moth off with pay. Non Financial compensation of AB Bank: non financial compensation means incentives that are provided to employees by AB Bank in the form of indirect pay. ———————– Chairman Vice Chairman Board of Director Managing Director & President SEVP SEVP SEVP SEVP EVP EVP EVP EVP SVP SVP SVP SVP VP VP VP VP SAVP SAVP SAVP SAVP AVP AVP AVP AVP SPO SPO SPO SPO PO PO PO PO SO SO SO SO OFFICER OFFICER OFFICER OFFICER

Introduction To Islamic Capital Market Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4848 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Islamic financial system is a real economic activity based financial systems. It is a part of a broader Islamic economic system that deals with the questions of allocation of resources, production and change of goods and services and distribution of wealth in fair, equitable and socially beneficial ways. It is part of a consistent and integrated framework which considered finance as a supporting factor in the smooth functioning of real economic activity and in carrying out of the social goods as defined by the objectives of Shariah. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Introduction To Islamic Capital Market Finance Essay" essay for you Create order In this system, finance does not exist for the finance per se. Therefore financing itself is not allowed to be an income generating activity unless it is combined with some real economic activity and involves taking the requisite risks associated with it. The nature of Islamic finance is aptly summarized by Shamshad Akhtar, Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan, at Georgetown University on October 18, 2007. Islamic economic system is accompanied by a rich and elaborate set of tenets, which among others, recognize the right to property supported by elaborate obligations of stakeholders, principles and rules of conduct, a contract system and institutional framework and procedures for enforcement of rules which all together lay the foundation for Islamic business and financial architecture. It is this substantive Islamic ideology and legal framework; governed by Shari ah injunctions and principles that have translated into defining the public and private economic and social affairs that eventually help frame the business and financial relations. The core of these relationships is baked by solid principles of contracts, rights and obligations for parties to the contractual arrangements. The main driver of enforcement of contract and rules- compliance in Islamic system is ideology and faith which is in turn influenced by Islams emphasis on establishing an equitable, ethical, just and fair socio-economic system. It is this feature which shapes Islamic finance and also distinguishes it from the conventional finance. This clear understanding of the objective and nature of Islamic financial system (i.e. justice and close link to real economic activity) is essential for taking any further steps towards the development of Islamic financial sub-sectors, be it Islamic capital market, Islamic banking sector or the insurance sector. In this chapter we will start from the introduction of Islamic capital market and would also highlight some of the challenges faced in the development of it. We will then venture into the origins and the growth of this Islamic version of capital market and then extend our voyage to the overview of it briefly discussing the products already on offer in this young and fast growing market. Further discussions on the continued growth in this sector will make-up the concluding part of this chapter. 1.2. Islamic Capital Market. Over the past decade or so Islamic financial sector has grown gained strength by creation of various support and infrastructure institutions, and expanded from being a banking-based industry to more wider areas incorporating financial market-based products and practices. As a result, Islamic financial markets have become probably the fastest growing sector in the Islamic finance industry. A number of innovative products, instruments and practices have been added that allow a larger range of risk-return combination to suit a wider investor base. There is no unique measure to gauge this increased significance of capital markets in the Islamic finance, however a number of facts point to its fast growth. Like any capital market, the primary function of Islamic capital market too is to allow people, companies, and governments with surplus funds to transfer them to people, companies, or governments who need funds. The Islamic capital market functions as a parallel market to the conventional capital market for capital seekers and providers. The Islamic capital market attracts funds from outside as well as inside the market. The international sources might include high-net-worth individuals, predominantly Muslims from the oil-rich countries, and others involved in the corporate and business sector. The Islamic capital market does not prohibit participation by non- Muslims, which has increased the growth potential for Islamic products. Little, if any, consensus exists about the size of the Islamic capital market. Cerulli Associates has estimated the market value of Shariah-compliant assets at year-end 2008 to be US$65 billion, a figure much smaller than often estimated. This amount does not include the market capitalization of equities that are not specifically Islamic but in which Islamic financial institutions are permitted to invest (because the business activities of the companies are Shariah compliant). Standard Poors (SP) estimated that as of the third quarter 2008, roughly US$5.2 trillion in market value of Shariah-compliant equities was lost as a result of the global financial crisis that unfolded in 2008. If approximately 40 percent of market value disappeared during the crisis, by inference the current market value would be in the range of US$6 trillion to US$7 trillion. In contrast, as noted, some analysts estimate Islamic banking assets to range between US$500 billion and US$700 billion and expect bank assets to rise to US$1 trillion in 2010 (Morgan Stanley 2008). Banks have yet to move most of these deposits into managed investments. If the banks require Shariah-compliant products for such investments, the implication is that the Islamic capital market has significant potential for continued growth. 1.3. Origin and Growth of the Islamic Capital Market. Although the origins of contemporary Islamic banking and finance may be traced to the early 1960s, the first wave of oil revenues did not wash over the Middle East until the 1970s, when the idea of investing in products conforming to Islamic principles really gained momentum. Individuals in the region began to accumulate large amounts of wealth by the 1980s and began to seek Shariah-compliant financial products in which to invest their savings. Western banks began servicing. Muslim clients through their Islamic windows were quickly joined in the marketplace by newly organized Islamic banks eager to participate in the growing faith-based demand for Shariah-compliant financial products. As of the end of 2008, the Islamic capital market has largely resulted from retail, not institutional, demand (De Ramos 2009). Institutional demand has developed, however, as Islamic banks and takaful (Islamic insurance) operators have sought to invest their surplus funds in Shariah-compliant instruments that are liquid and have long-term maturities to match the long-term liabilities of these institutions. Through the 1990s, Islamic banking deposits sufficed to provide the capital demanded by the Islamic financial markets, but demand for funds was quickly outstripping the supply of funds. New Islamic financial products that could compete with the flexibility and innovation of conventional financial products were needed, but two factors hindered the ability of the Islamic capital market to deliver such products. The first was that the conventional financial markets were developing with tremendous speed and in many different directions. Challenge to adapt these new products to Shariah, the Islamic financial markets struggled to maintain a competitive pace. The second factor slowing the pace of Islamic capital market development was the conflict surrounding interpretation of what constitutes Shariah compliance (Iqbal and Tsubota 2006; Khan 2006). Yet, for the Islamic capital market to achieve sustainability, finding new and competitive products was imperative. Deregulation in several Muslim nations opened the door to the creation of two products largely responsible for the serious growth of the Islamic capital market-Shariah-compliant equity funds and sukuk (Islamic bonds) (Iqbal and Tsubota 2006; Khan 2006). Since 1999, the Islamic capital market has attracted non-Muslim as well as Muslim issuers and investors, and it now includes numerous products that can replicate the returns and characteristics of conventional financial products. In addition to equity and bond products, the market has expanded to include exchange-traded funds, derivatives, swaps, unit trusts, real estate investment trusts (REITs), commodity funds, and a range of Islamic indices and index products. The Islamic capital market comprises active primary and secondary markets that deal in the Islamic products described in this section. 1.4. Overview of the Islamic Capital Market. Not all the financial products discussed in this overview are acceptable to all Muslim investors. The controversy over what is and what is not Shariah compliant is a by-product of the existence of different schools of Islamic thought. No single body is currently in place to mediate these differences of opinion. 1.4.1. The Islamic Equity Market. Islamic equities are shares of halal companies-that is, securities of companies operating in activities permissible under Shariah principles and approved and periodically reviewed by Shariah scholars through a process known as Islamic stock screening. For a company to be considered halal, the majority of its revenues must be primarily derived from activities other than the trading of alcohol, arms, tobacco, pork, pornography, or gambling or from profits associated with charging interest on loans. The determination of Shariah compliance rests with the judgment of Islamic scholars. In Malaysia, one of the most innovative providers of financial products, the body of Islamic scholars is the Malaysia Securities Commission Shariah Advisory Council (SAC). Malaysia is one of only a few nations that have established a single governing body for this purpose. Other nations decision making regarding Shariah screening procedures is much more fragmented. The SAC has enumerated detailed criteria to be used in screening companies for compliance with Islamic principles. The SAC states that non-halal activities include manufacturing and trading of non-halal goods; banking and financing involving interest or usury; hotels and resorts involved in the sale of liquor or alcoholic beverages; gambling or related activities; and activities involving elements of uncertainty (gharar). The Islamic equity investment market is growing at a much faster rate than the overall Islamic sector as a whole because it started from a lower base. The total of funds under management in the Islamic finance sector is estimated at US$1 trillion. Only about an estimated US$20 billion of this is in equities, which is modest in comparison with the conventional equity sector. Global conventional equities are about US$20 trillion, even after the crash (Parker 2008). Malaysia is seen as aggressive in listing Islamic equities; more than 80 percent of the stocks listed on the Bursa Malaysia are classified as Shariah-approved by the SAC. These securities have a total market capitalization of 426.4 billion Malaysian ringgits (RM), or US$129 billion, which is 64.2 percent of the total Malaysian stock market as of December 2008 (Ngadimon 2009). In Kuwait, Islamic and Shariah compliant companies make up 57 percent of the countrys total market capitalization (Islamic, Sharia Firms 2009). Despite the recent huge decline in the financial markets, Islamic equity funds have been attracting global investors and more and more financial institutions are offering such funds to meet investor demand. 1.4.2. Islamic Bond (Sukuk) Market. One of the fastest growing sectors in the Islamic capital market is the sukuk, or Islamic asset-backed bond, market. The sukuk market grew at about an 84 percent per year compound rate between 2001 and 2007 and was estimated to have a market value of US$80 billion to US$90 billion before the 2008 market crisis (Cook 2008). Over the first eight months of 2008, global sukuk issuance totaled roughly US$14 billion, down from US$23 billion for the same period a year earlier, mainly because of the global credit crunch (Sukuk Issuance 2008) and the statement from AAOIFI. Sukuk are issued primarily by corporations, although sovereign issuers are becoming more common than in the past. About half of outstanding sukuk, mainly large U.S. dollar-based issues and Malaysian debt, are actively traded in the secondary market. Sukuk are a relatively new financial instrument, first issued in the late 1990s. Sukuk were created in response to a need for Shariah-compliant medium-term to long-term debt-like instruments that would have good liquidity in the marketplace (Iqbal and Tsubota 2006). The word sukuk is the plural of the Arabic word sakk, which means certificate, so sukuk may be described as certificates of trust for the ownership of an asset, or certificates of usufruct. Sukuk differ from conventional bonds in that they do not pay interest. Islam forbids the payment of interest, but a financial obligation or instrument that is linked to the performance of a real asset is acceptable. Sukuk returns are tied to the cash streams generated by underlying assets held in special purpose vehicles (SPVs). The cash stream can be in the form of profit from a sale, profit from a rental, or a combination of the two. The conventional asset securitization process is used in structuring sukuk. An SPV is created to acquire the assets that will collateralize the sukuk and to issue financial claims on those assets over the defined term of the sukuk. The asset collateral must be Shariah compliant (Iqbal and Tsubota 2006). Sukuk are, therefore, monetized real assets that enjoy significant liquidity and are easily transferred and traded in financial markets. A sukuk issue can be structured in a variety of ways and can offer fixed- and variable-income options. Several classes of assets typically collateralize sukuk issues. The first class has financial claims arising from a spot sale (salam) or a deferred-payment (bai muajjal) and/or deferred-delivery (bai salam) sale. These securities are typically short term in nature, ranging from three months to one year, and are used to finance commodity trading. Because the risk-and-return characteristics of the structure are somewhat delinked from the risk-and-return characteristics of the underlying asset, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries hold that trading these sukuk in the secondary market involves riba; hence, it is prohibited. Therefore, salam-based sukuk and the likes are typically held to maturity (Iqbal and Tsubota 2006). A second class of assets that collateralize sukuk is leased, or ijarah-based, assets. The cash flows generated by the lease-and-buyback agreement, a combination of rental and principal payments, are passed through to investors. Ijarah-based sukuk have medium- to long-term maturities (Iqbal and Tsubota 2006), carry a put option, and can be traded in the secondary market. This type of sukuk has gained increasing acceptance by Shariah scholars, particularly those from Middle Eastern countries. Recent successful issues include those by the Malaysian-based companies Al-Aqar Capital (RM500 million, or US$153 million) and Menara ABS (RM1.1 billion, or US$337 million). 1.4.3. Islamic Derivatives Market. A derivative, a financial instrument whose value is a function of the value of another asset, typically takes the form of a contract in which the investor promises to deliver, or take delivery of, an asset at a specific date and at a specific price. Conventional derivatives include call and put options, futures, forwards, and swaps and are used for hedging, arbitrage, and speculation. Islamic finance seemingly allows derivatives for the first two purposes hedging and arbitrage, but prohibits their use for speculation or gambling (maisir). As long as riba (interest) and gharar (uncertainty) are avoided, the Islamic derivative structure used in hedging and arbitrage enjoys significant freedom of design. The size of the Islamic derivative market is not known but is quite small. Islamic derivative products include the structured murabahah deposit, structured options that operate on the principle of waad (promise), profit rate swaps, and cross-currency swaps, such as the foreign exchange (FX) waad (a Shariah-complaint FX option) and the Islamic FX outright (a Shariah-compliant FX forward contract that locks in the price at which an entity can buy or sell a currency at a future date). Islamic derivatives are based on contracts that are supported by the principles of bai salam, bai istisna, or urbun. 1.4.4. Islamic Swap Market. The Islamic swap market is a subset of the overall Islamic derivative market. A swap is a derivative instrument that is used to transfer risk. The two major Islamic swap structures are the profit rate swap, which is similar to a conventional interest rate swap, and a cross-currency swap. Total return swaps are also being used. 1.4.4.1. Profit Rate Swap. The Islamic profit rate swap is used as a hedge against fluctuations in borrowing rates. The swap is an agreement to exchange fixed for floating profit rates between two parties and is implemented through the execution of a series of underlying contracts to trade certain assets under the Shariah principles of bai and bai bithaman ajil. 1.4.4.2 Cross-Currency Swap. The Islamic cross-currency swap is a vehicle through which investors can transfer the risk of currency fluctuation that is inherent in their investment or inventory positions. The structure involves two simultaneous murabaha transactions-one is a term murabaha and the other, a reverse murabaha. The parties to the swap agree to sell Shariah-compliant assets to each other for immediate delivery but on deferred-payment terms in different currencies. The first cross-currency swap was done in July 2006 for US$10 million between Standard Chartered Bank Malaysia and Bank Muamalat Malaysia. 1.4.5. Islamic Unit Trusts. An Islamic unit trust is similar to a conventional unit trust in the United Kingdom and an open-end mutual fund in the United States except that the Islamic unit trust invests only in Shariah-compliant securities; that is, the unit trust manager gives precedence to securities (stocks or bonds) of Islamic banks and financial institutions, securities of companies operated in accordance with Islamic principles, and securities included in Islamic equity indices. Islamic mutual funds (unit trusts) vary by investment type and financing method (murabaha, musyaraka, bai salam, bai istisna, or ijarah); field of investment (public works, real estate, or leasing); period of investment (short, medium, or long term); risk involved (low, medium, or high risk); whether they are open or closed funds (Tayar 2006). The contract governing the exchange of units between the unit trust manager and the investor usually conforms to the principle of bai al-naqdi (buying and selling on a cash basis). When an investor purchases a unit of the trust, the investor is actually sharing pro rata with other investors in ownership of the assets held by the trust. The manager receives a management fee under the concept of al-ujrah (or fee) for managing the unit trust. An equity unit trust is the most common type of Islamic unit trust, but corporate and sovereign sukuk unit trusts are also available. Certain equity unit trusts invest in assets that closely track a particular index and are known as index trackers. Specialist unit trusts invest in a single industry or similar group of industries. Balanced funds incorporate both equity and sukuk securities and are rebalanced periodically to retain the initial asset allocation. Islamic fund managers have less autonomy than conventional fund managers because they are usually accountable to a Shariah committee or adviser who rules on the screening criteria for stock selection and how the criteria are to be interpreted in changing market conditions and company circumstances. In addition, Islamic unit trusts may offer a better risk profile than Islamic investment products that expose investors to the counterparty risk of a bank (Islamic Unit Trusts 2007). For example, investors who place their money in restricted or mudharaba investment accounts, in which legal ownership lies with the bank, are exposed to the risk that the counterparty bank will go bankrupt. A unit trust structure in which investors own a pro rata share of the investment portfolio, however, does not expose the investor to such counterparty risk. The first Islamic equity unit trust, Tabung Ittikal Arab-Malaysian, was established in Malaysia in 1993 (AMMB 2006). In recent years, growth in the equity funds market has been strong, particularly in Malaysia because of the countrys tax incentives and favorable regulatory environment, although Saudi Arabia is the largest Islamic equity funds market in terms of asset size and number of funds. 1.4.6. Islamic Exchange-Traded Funds. An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is an open-ended fund composed of quoted securities-stocks or bonds-that are selected to closely mimic a benchmark, rather like an index-tracking mutual fund. Unlike an index mutual fund, an ETF is bought and sold on an exchange. The price of an ETF should closely track the weighted net asset values of its portfolio of securities throughout the trading day. An Islamic ETF is structured exactly like a conventional ETF except that the benchmark used in constructing the fund is an index of Shariah-compliant securities; that is, the index includes only those securities that have passed Islamic filters to ensure that companies are primarily engaged in permissible business activities and do not have high levels of debt. Islamic ETFs made their debut in February 2006. Although it is a nascent market, Islamic ETFs have been issued by several major players in the global capital markets, such as i-Shares, BNP Paribas Bank, Daiwa Asset Management, and Deutsche Bank. As of year-end 2008, the three i-Shares ETFs totaled US$25.8 million. JETS (Javelin Exchange Traded Shares), which is the first Islamic ETF expected to be issued in the United States and is to be made available by Javelin Investment Management and the Dow Jones Islamic Market (DJIM) International Index Fund, has been filed with the U.S. SEC and was launched on NYSE in early 2009. Participating dealers or market makers deliver the exchange-traded securities selected for the ETF to the fund manager in exchange for units in the ETF. The ETF units, representing an ownership interest in the basket of securities, are then sold to investors via an exchange. When ETF units are redeemed, market makers return them to the fund manager in exchange for a proportionate share of the basket of securities. The advantages of ETFs from the investors viewpoint include tax efficiency, low cost, transparency, trading flexibility, and diversification. ETFs are often used as a hedging instrument as well as a means to obtain access to an asset class cheaply and quickly. 1.4.7. Islamic REITs. Islamic REITs (I-REITs) are similar to conventional REITs. They are typically structured as property trusts except that they must hold investments that adhere to the principles of Shariah. This requirement means that lease financing (ijarah) is used in lieu of an outright purchase of property. The economic, legal, and tax ramifications are effectively the same as in a conventional REIT. An Islamic REIT invests primarily in physical real estate, but it may also hold sukuk, private companies whose main assets comprise real estate, Shariah-compliant securities of property and non-property companies, and units of other I-REITS, Shariah compliant short-term deposits, and cash. I-REITs vary from country to country. The Malaysia Securities Commission defines an I-REIT as an investment vehicle that proposes to invest at least 50 percent of its total assets in real estate, whether through direct ownership or through a single purpose company whose principal asset comprises a real asset (Securi ties Commission 2005). The key benefits of I-REITS are similar to those of conventional REITs and include the following advantages over physical properties (Jaafar 2007): ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Higher current yields because of the requirement to distribute at least 90 percent of income annually, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ lower transaction costs and greater liquidity because most REITs are listed and traded on stock exchanges, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Scalability, unlike property investment companies, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Diversification across properties with different lease periods and geographical locations. I-REIT returns are earned through rental income, capital appreciation of physical property, and securities held as investments. I-REIT investments must be reviewed, monitored, and approved as complying with Sharia principles by a Shariah committee or adviser. In addition, an I-REIT is required to use a takaful (Islamic insurance) scheme to insure the real estate. The Malaysia Securities Commission permits up to 20 percent of REIT rental income to be derived from non-permissible, or non-Shariah-compliant, activities. The first Islamic REIT, the Malaysian Al-Aqar KPJ Healthcare REIT, was launched in Malaysia in 2006 with initial issuance of US$130 million (Lerner 2006). Malaysia was the first country, in 2005, to issue Shariah-compliant REIT guidelines. Malaysian issues are listed and traded on Bursa Malaysia and may also be dual listed (that is, listed on Bursa Malaysia and on another exchange). They are liquid securities that trade as any other stock trades. Having been in existence for only two years, the Islamic REIT market still remains quite small. 1.4.8. Islamic Commodity Funds. An Islamic commodity fund, like all Islamic financial products, must comply with Shariah principles; therefore, commodity fund transactions are governed by the following rules (Usmani, 2008): The commodity must be owned by the seller at the time of sale because short selling is not permitted under Sharia but forward sales, allowed only in the case of bai salam and bai istisna, are permitted. The commodity traded must be halal (permissible), which means that dealing in, for example, wine and pork is prohibited. The seller must have physical or constructive possession (that is, actual control without actually having physical control) of the commodity to be sold. The price of the commodity must be fixed and known to the parties involved. Any price that is uncertain, or that is determinable by an uncertain event, renders the sale invalid. The performance of commodity prices in the years leading up to the 2008 bull market peak has been attributed to favorable demand conditions for raw materials and, in most cases, inelastic supply responses because of years of underinvestment in production capacity. This bull market was followed by an extremely sharp commodity price decline in 2008_2009, illustrating how volatile and unpredictable commodity prices are. The advantage of a commodity fund is that it is not highly correlated with equity and fixed income asset classes. Hence, it acts as a diversifying asset, particularly when the other assets held are equities and bonds (but commodities did not diversify equity risk in 2008_2009). A commodity fund aims to provide investors with regular income over the life of the fund-income that is linked to the performance of commodities through investments that conform to Shariah principles. The commodity funds generate income from the potential appreciation in commodity prices. 1.5. Continued Growth in the Islamic Capital Market. Financial products that barely existed a few years ago have now penetrated the broad Islamic capital market. But some products, such as Islamic hedge funds, remain controversial in large portions of the Muslim community, which view hedge fund activities as simply simulating short selling in ways designed to be compatible with Shariah. The five schools of Islam vary in their definition of what complies with Shariah, which raises a key obstacle to the creation of universally acceptable Islamic hedging schemes. Nevertheless, two investment firms, Barclays Capital and Shariah Capital, have launched a Shariah-compliant hedge fund product that 3.3. The Quandary of Substance over Form in Sukuk: The current global crisis has allowed the Islamic Finance industry some time for reflection, and as such, when considering the future of the Sukuk market, we explore in detail the issue of substance over form. Sukuk structures are being tested for the first time by originator insolvency and proposed restructurings. In these more difficult periods it is important that all investors understand that very few existing Sukuk have asset ownership or security -the majority are unsecured. Asset-backed Sukuk or Islamic securitizations generally perform very differently from asset-based under stress. Most Islamic market participants are aware that Sukuk, sometimes known as Islamic bonds, should grant the investor a share of an asset or business venture along with the cash flows and risk commensurate with such ownership. However, while this is indeed the Shariah ideal, most current structures have more in common with conventional fixed income or debt instruments from a risk/return perspective. The recent highly successful Indonesian sovereign Sukuk ($650 million) shows there is still heavy demand for these unsecured, asset based structures, although the recent bonds of Qatar and Abu Dhabi were not Sukuk. The assets in the structure are commonly for Shariah compliance only, and ultimately have little or no bearing on the risk or performance of the Sukuk. Investors should note that, while all conventional asset-backed securities (ABS) are not Sukuk, a true asset-backed Sukuk is accessible to the whole universe of global ABS investors, and not just to the much smaller Shariah compliant investor base. The disparity between the ideal and the reality of Sukuk was highlighted by AAOIFI in February 2008, when it published six principles regarding Sukuk structures (refer to Annexure I) and initially noted that around 85 percent of existing Sukuk were not in compliance with these principles. Subsequently, many sources attributed the market decline to these statements. In reality, the decline in Sukuk market volume in 2008 probably had also to do with the prevailing global credit market conditions (it was a very difficult time to raise funds, whether conventional or Islamic) rather than to any direct reaction to the AAOIFI statements. As we strive to strip away the sometimes excessive structural and legal complexity and confusion surrounding Sukuk products, getting to the real substance of the Sukuk without being distracted by the form. This focus on the substance of the risk and return is helpful when trying to assess a products compliance with a given set of Shariah principles or views. While terms such as Mudarabah, Musharaka and Ijarah are widely applied, the actual legal structure behind the name and Sukuk risk characteristics can vary significantly -even within a single type. Thus, until there is some broad consensual standardization on terminology or form, investors will need to look at each structure individually to understand the cash flow, risk and return profile, irrespective of the name/type of Sukuk structure used. The common theme of form over substance throughout modern Islamic finance has, in our experience, created confusion for some market participants. Asset-backed and asset-based are semantical ly similar descriptions but mask significant differences in credit risk. Shariah-based and Shariah-compliant are two more recent terms that seem to add some confusion.

Human Rights Violations - 1227 Words

In rural areas, of Egypt, more than 250,000 girls are circumcised, without their consent, each year (Murphy). This is not a choice that they make, it is a choice that the mother or father of these girls makes. If these girls were to grow up in urban Egypt, would it still happen? The answer is that it usually would not. The oppression of young girls is typically limited to the rural areas of Egypt. In Egypt, in 1996, it was against the law for girls to have this procedure. However, that did not stop the procedures from happening. Instead, the clinics just disappeared. Parents could simply call the barber down the street and he would bring in a razor and antiseptic and start cutting parts of the labia. This would cost around seven dollars†¦show more content†¦Often at times if a police officer is suspicious a citizen is gay, he will be arrested, and taken to jail and receive jail time for his criminal act (Ackerman). These arrests will sometimes take place even without tests . Since January 2001, over 140 men have been arrested on vice charges ranging from debauchery to inducing passersby to commit indecent acts† (Murphy). These are the same charges were used to persecute prostitutes, when they first came about. The government is saying the two crimes are equal. While the government punishes homosexuals, citizens argue: There is no explicit punishment for gays in the Koran† (Azimi). With no religious opposition, why is the government so against something that means so little? The government is having police make accounts on homosexual websites posing as a guy with a lonely heart as a way to lure the men in. When they eventually meet up they are arrested for no apparent reason. The punishment, other than jail, is harsh they are beaten and it goes as far as the citizens sometimes being killed. And if it is not the police harassing the men, what about other inmates? And it is a way for the men to meet outside of the internet and clubs even if they are in a jail house and their moves are being watched, because nobody can see their every single move. The government forgets â€Å"People have the right to reject homosexuality.† (El-Magd). A lot of people are born homosexual and are forced to live a life inShow MoreRelatedThe Violation Of Human Rights996 Words   |  4 PagesAfter reviewing the Human Rights Watch website, www.hrw.org, I decided to write my paper on the violation of the human rights of people with disabilities. I have a passion for working with people that have disabilities and I think so much more should be done for them. The United States have made great strides in being respectful for their human rights and it is time to see the rest of the world step up and take responsibility. There is also much more needed to be done in the United States but weRead MoreHuman Rights Violations601 Words   |  2 PagesThere has always been a problem of Human Rights Violations in every part of the world, the same goes with the state of Liberia, regardless of the Government initiatives to fight against Human Rights violations, there are a few unsafe and risky traditions or practices which were persistent in the year 2013 in Liberia which included female genital cutting, forced initiation into secret societies, vehemence against women and children and discrimination revolves around race, ethnicity and sexual orientationRead MoreThe Violation Of Human Rights1383 Words   |  6 Pages Human rights are one of the most important things a person can own in life. Human rights describe equal rights and freedom for anyone and everyone regardless of race, color, sex, language, religion or political affiliation. One should not be deprived of their rights because everyone are inherinted to their own rights, and no one should be able to take that away from anyone. Without them a person is nothing. You can’t live life or even survive in this world without your rights. No matterRead MoreViolation of Human Rights820 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"What are human rights?† When asked this question, many people would list 2 to 3 basic rights, the ones you learn in school basically, like the right to speak freely, to eat, to have a proper education†¦ But that is not even half of the human rights. In the early ages, they were no human rights to abide by. Every country or culture had its own regulations and rules. However, in the beginning of World War II (What are human rights par1), an idea emerged entitled â€Å"freedom†. 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Either by providing soldiers that were needed to protect the people or by providing resources like food, water, health, shelter or sanitation that was needed by the Rwandan citizens. The U.N. even did not help and didn’t even take a stan d against the governments of the otherRead MoreThe Violation Of Human Rights1284 Words   |  6 Pages784478 Title: The Violation of Human Rights Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction 3 2. Relevance and value of human rights 3 3. Case studies 4 3.1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4 3.2 African Charter 5 3.3 Bill of Human Rights 7 4. Conclusion 7 5. Bibliography 8 1. Introduction Basic human rights are being violated every day all over the world. This includes each human being’s fundamental rights, which are rights that come with beingRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The Violation Of Human Rights1494 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Trafficking What is the most basic of all human needs? One might answer food, water, and shelter. What is the most basic of all human rights? It should go without saying that the most basic of all human rights is freedom or personal liberty rather than bondage or slavery. If being free rather than in bondage is a human right, why is it that so many are held in bondage against their will? United Nations According to the United Nations website, Human Trafficking is defined as: The recruitmentRead MoreTechnology Is A Violation Of Human Rights Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pagescomes to benefiting or hindering human rights all around the world. But lately technology is heavily scrutinized by the public because of its limitation of human rights. The act of war and surveillance is not showing a benefit to improving human rights since these technologies tend to violate humans without their consent. Development of technology to â€Å"protect† human rights has been proven to do the opposite. 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Death How The Perspective Of People Changes When They...

Death: How the perspective of people changes when they are on the edge of life. Death is the point that marks the end of a human’s life. When confronting the death, passively or actively, people usually have a different viewpoint from before and that assertion is proved in Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End by Atul Gawande, Wit by Margaret Edson and the last pages of The Stitches by David Small. On Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End by Atul Gawande, the author tells a story of Jewel Douglass, who gets a metastatic ovarian cancer. The doctors mention a lot of methods to cure her disease; however, effective methods contain high risk. Surprisingly, she chooses a method that can let her stays at home and enjoys every last moments with her family, even though she can no longer eat. The author then compares a human’s life and a story: â€Å"Life is meaningful because it is a story, and a story’s arc is determined by the moments when something happens†. The doctor decides to just put some tubes to reduce Douglass’ pain because he respects the way she chooses to end her stories. Jewel Douglass spends the rest of her life with the family and dies in happiness: â€Å"My dad was alone by her side with the rest of us in the living room.† In medical School, Gawande was only taught that the work of the doctor is â€Å"to teach how to save lives†, which means they don’t care about how the patients feel. Death is simply the enemy of doctors, and they will by any meansShow MoreRelated Dealing With Death Essay1434 Words   |  6 Pagesundergoing a serious life-altering incident, one often experiences the feeling of a paradigm shift. It is amazing to see how our perspectives of the world shift when forced to reflect on what i s truly important. Such is the way with death. 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Ross tells of how a person just does not want to be with anyone but himself or herself because they don’t know why God is choosing them to die at that present time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreEssay on Death is Humanity: Markus Zusaks The Book Thief653 Words   |  3 Pagesnarrated by Death. The novel takes place during the 1930’s and 40’s in Nazi Germany and follows 9 year old Liesel Meminger, who death refers to as â€Å"The Book Thief.† After her father, mother, and then brother are killed, Liesel becomes an orphan and is taken in by Hans and Rosa Hubermann in Molching. Throughout the book, she meets many people including the Mayor’s wife, Isla Hermann, and Max Vandenburg, a Jew who is hiding from the Nazi’s in the Hubermann’s basement. Although Liesel’s life is filledRead MoreThe Slopes Of War By. 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These subjects are plagued with physical and mental degradation – the Usher siblings suffer from various abnormal ailments and unexplained fears, while the house itself seems to be tethering on the edge of collapse. The

ERP Solution For Donnelly Custom Manufacturing

Question: Discuss about the Needs Of ERP Solution For The Donnelly Custom Manufacturing. Answer: Introduction ERP or enterprise resource planning refers to the integrated management of the core business processes where software and technology acts as one of the most important factor (Monk, Wagner, 2012). The main things that are included in the ERP are planning of the product, planning for the production of the product, the manufacturing process and the delivery system, the sales and marketing department, management of the materials, management of the inventory and many more. Leon (2014) explained that ERP can also be referred to as the business management software that can be used by an organisation to collect, store, manage and interpret data from the business activities. This report discusses about the needs of ERP solution for the Donnelly Custom manufacturing so as to deliver good product on time and to tackle with the difficulties they are facing right now. Along with this the report also discusses about the possible future outcomes of the company and how the company is going to earn benefits from the new suggested ERP solution. Background of the Company (Donnelly Custom Manufacturing) Donnelly Custom Manufacturing company was founded in the year of 1984 and has its headquarters in Alexandria. It is a multi-national company that serves a number of renowned customers like the Diebold, Graco and many more. Donnelly aims at perusing the best practices of an industry so as to fulfil its promises of delivering the good products on time. After its foundation the company has played a great role and has earned a lot of reputation in a short interval of time (Donnmfg.com, 2017). The company had a can do attitude which helped it a lot in setting standards of its work in a very short time. There are almost 225 employees of the company who are focused on doing this job. They are able to manage about 2800 active molds along with that about 600 different materials are used and about 15000 mold changes every year. In the business of manufacturing precision and efficiency are the paramount so they are having a relentless war on the waste-backed advanced technologies, innovative pr ocesses and their tireless commitment for their whole team. The annual revenue of the company is around $25 to $50 million (USD) per year (yahoo.com, 2017). Analysis of the companys current situation: Donnelly aims at providing short-run manufacturing and value added services to the original equipment manufacturers who provides a good quality good from the industrial to commercial products. they want to perform its operation in a short interval of time. They make use of the OS/2 operating system and various software for the purpose of managing their operations. Besides that, they also used manual process for the purpose of making the production schedule. The need of ERP solution arises due to the fact that the growth of the company is outpacing because of the capacity of the system(Donnmfg.com, 2017). According to the president of the company Kirscht Manufacturers today operate in a flat world. He also stated that The playing field between the U.S and the off-shore market is growing more level by the day, and every player along with the supply chain is intertwined. If your information technology platform does not support lean operations and EDI transactions, you will fall below th e curve. Components responsible for developing the ERP solution: Lack of communication: The customers of the company want to communicate and interact by the use of electronic means which is not possible by the use of the current system they are having. Outdated techniques: The company also identified that the traditional method of scheduling the and managing the shop floor manually was an out dated process and requires lot of labour. The main reason for which the ERP (Babu, Bezawada, 2012) solution needs to be developed is the limitation of the number of the peoples who are able to remain in the same module at the same time have become unsustainable. Outdated softwares: The customers of the company were looking forward towards the development but the old softwares that the company was having was not ready for meeting the demands of the customers (Tarhini, Ammar Tarhini, 2015). The company also wanted an ERP solution for the purpose of handling the requirements of the injection moulders. For customer satisfaction: The most essential reason for which the company is in need of an ERP (Tsai et al. 2012) solution is to fulfil the promises that they have made to the customers of delivering a very good quality product and the best service. Implementation of the ERP solution: The company was looking for a fit system which could function in the future very properly. By looking into the needs of the company the best ERP solution for the company would be by the use of the EnterpriseIQ software from the IQMS. EnterpriseIQ is a different type of software which helps in avoiding the hustle of Off-the-shelf ERP solutions (they are not good and may require a third party software for customization.). The main reason for choosing this EnterpriseIQ is that it can incredibly fit in accordance to the requirements of the company. One of the advantageous factor of EnterpriseIQ is because of its comprehensive functionality and its design which is made for every type of manufacturing. EnterpriseIQ (Howarth, 2012) has the ability of handling the distinctive issues that are related to the model of injection. Many of the major aspects of the business are easily handled by the Enterprise IQ. There are also other factors which are responsible for choosing the EnterpriseIQ and this includes the ways of using it which is a very easy process along with the fact that for using this software only a little amount of training is required. EnterpriseIQ is contained and extendable in within a single database without nay third part add-ons has made it appropriate for using it in the ERP solution Commitment of IQMS to enhance and improve the single-source software in the future for the success of the customers seemed to be critical for the company but the best fit and functionality provided by the IQMS at an attractive price made EnterpriseIQ a platform that will help the company to be around and vibrate in the future (Zarei Naeli, 2012). Future development for Donnelly Custom Manufacturing: The implementation of EnterpriseIQ will greatly help in simplifying the operations of Donnelly across the shop floors. The software will help in real-time monitoring of the production which will initially help the shop floor supervisors to access all the production data of the company anytime from any place of the world (Ahmad Cuenca, 2013). This will help the supervisors in saving time by avoiding the travel from one shop to another so as to check the presses. Besides this the software will also help in eliminating the entry of the excess data thereby saving a lot of time of the supervisors or team leaders as they do not have to work overtime beyond their shifts for the purpose of only entering the data. The communication between the internal staffs of the company, the suppliers and the customers will also be improved by the use of this software (Shaul, Tauber, 2013). The time required for the invoicing also gets decreased. Donnelly will stand up and keep running by the use of all the modules of EnterpriseIQ including the Real-time monitoring of the production, management of the quality, and many more. The employees of Donnelly will be able to manoeuvre all the levels of business very easily and will be able to save a lot of time along with eliminating the mistakes that could have taken place in case of manual process (Kwak et al, 2012). Conclusion: The report helps to conclude that with an ERP system the company will be very much successful in supporting and confirming the different business strategies that will help it out in focusing on the core competencies of the company and will also help in detecting of the situations when it can gain more advantage of the market. By the involvement of the Enterprise IQ the company will be able to achieve more success and will be able to meet its customer demands at a much faster rate. Donnelly believed that knowing the customers and their business is one of the leading factors of success and due to the fact that IQMS is working on the same region for adapting towards the customers requirements with a very little cost and effort lead the company chose EnterpriseIQ as best ERP solution. All the Requirements of Donnelly will be fulfilled by implementation of the EnterpriseIQ thereby helping the company in meeting the demands of the customers. EnterpriseIQ will also cost low and will greatly help the company in saving of time as well as money. Most of the complexities will be removed if Donnelly makes use of the EnterpriseIQ. References: Ahmad, M. M., Cuenca, R. P. (2013). Critical success factors for ERP implementation in SMEs.Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,29(3), 104-111. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2012.04.019) Babu, K. V. S. N., Bezawada, M. (2012). Enterprise resource planning. (DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2142346) Donnmfg.com, (2017).How Short Run Is Done | About Donnelly Custom Manufacturing Company.Donnmfg.com. Retrieved 15 November 2017, from https://www.donnmfg.com/about.html Kwak, Y. H., Park, J., Chung, B. Y., Ghosh, S. (2012). Understanding end-users acceptance of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in project-based sectors.IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,59(2), 266-277.( DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2011.2111456) Leon, A. (2014).Enterprise resource planning. McGraw-Hill Education. (Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=t_bBBAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR7dq=Leon,+A.+(2014).+Enterprise+resource+planning.+McGraw-Hill+Education.ots=sncu-Wsuousig=OsCUCJU_0hKFzja5ceFlLcgHpqk#v=onepageqf=false) Monk, E., Wagner, B. (2012).Concepts in enterprise resource planning. Cengage Learning. (Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pG94WAknOF8Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=Monk,+E.,+%26+Wagner,+B.+(2012).+Concepts+in+enterprise+resource+planning.+Cengage+Learning.hl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjYtZq3qsDXAhUFu48KHUjQBisQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepageqf=false) Shaul, L., Tauber, D. (2013). Critical success factors in enterprise resource planning systems: Review of the last decade.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),45(4), 55. (DOI: 10.1145/2501654.2501669) Tarhini, A., Ammar, H., Tarhini, T. (2015). Analysis of the critical success factors for enterprise resource planning implementation from stakeholders perspective: A systematic review.International Business Research,8(4), 25. (DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n4p25) Tsai, W. H., Lee, P. L., Shen, Y. S., Lin, H. L. (2012). A comprehensive study of the relationship between enterprise resource planning selection criteria and enterprise resource planning system success.Information Management,49(1), 36-46. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2011.09.007) yahoo.com. (2017).RRD Key Statistics | R.R. Donnelley Sons Company Stock - Yahoo Finance.Finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/RRD/key-statistics?p=RRD Zarei, B., Naeli, M. (2012). Critical Success Factors in Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation: A Case-Study Approach. InEnterprise Information Systems and Advancing Business Solutions: Emerging Models(pp. 74-85). IGI Global. (Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=hu0j5bvp5DQCoi=fndpg=PA74dq=Zarei,+B.,+%26+Naeli,+M.+(2012).+Critical+Success+Factors+in+Enterprise+Resource+Planning+Implementation:+A+Case-Study+Approach.+In+Enterprise+Information+Systems+and+Advancing+Business+Solutions:+Emerging+Models+(pp.+74-85).+IGI+Global.ots=kb_uIxAQ8bsig=LcMFVmsGqpB_vtrc14NELgMzJs8#v=onepageqf=false)

Tissue Assignment free essay sample

Labeled picture or labeled drawing of your bone doing a typical function (such as bearing weight): Watched Video. Bone Diagram Label the diagram below (Hint: See lesson page 3. ) Questions 1 . What components of real bone tissue did you include in your model? (Hint: See lesson pages 3-4. ) In the video It included the spongy, compact bone, bone marrow and peritoneum. The bone marrow was the newspaper on the inside from the beginning. Then was the spongy bone that was the second layer of newspaper/tape.Then was the compact bone, which was a mixture of newspaper and wire. Then last was the peritoneum that was made up of the tape to resemble it. 2. What components of real bone tissue did you have trouble including in your model? Why? They had trouble including the canals on the inside. The canals are harder to do as they are small individual canals that would have to be carefully placed. We will write a custom essay sample on Tissue Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. What are the roles of ecosystem, steamboats, and seacoasts in bone repair? (Hint: See the Bone Cell Chart on lesson page 3.Ecosystem Mature bone cell that holds the bone matrix. Steamboats -? The cell that forms the bone. Seacoasts Large bone cell that absorbs and breaks down the bone matrix. 4. If you had to redesign your model, what would you do differently? If had to redesign the model would put more of a sturdy structure on the inside, like maybe a small piece of wood to give it more support. That way it could take on the functions of being an actual bone and bearing the weight of the book.